Что такое британские острова на английском языке для 8 класса
Топик «Географическое положение Великобритании» (Geographical position of Great Britain)
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles and lies to the north-west of continental Europe. It is separated from the continent by the English Channel and the Strait of Dover in the south and the North Sea in the east. In everyday speech the term “Great Britain” is often applied to the United Kingdom as a whole.
The British Isles consist of two main islands (Great Britain and Ireland) and a large group of smaller islands. Great Britain is separated from Ireland by the Irish Sea. Historically the territory of Great Britain is divided into 3 parts: England, Scotland and Wales. It doesn’t include Northern Ireland. The population of Great Britain is over 60 million people. The total area is 209 000 km 2 (two hundred and nine thousand square kilometers).
The British landscape is very varied. Geographically the island of Great Britain is made up of three main regions: Lowland, Midland and Highland Britain. The Midlands occupy central counties of England. This is a region of valleys and low hills. Lowland Britain covers the territory of eastern and southern England. Highland Britain comprises Scotland, most of Wales, the Pennine Chain and the Lake District in England. Scotland and Wales are the most mountainous parts of Great Britain. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest point (1343 metres). Along the western coast runs the mountain range of Cumberland. The Cheviot Hills mark the boundary between England and Scotland.
The rivers in Great Britain are quite short and most of them flow in the eastward direction. The rivers (the Thames, the Severn, the Tweed, the Trent, the Tyne) never freeze in winter and allow all-year navigation.
Перевод
Соединенное Королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии расположено на Британских островах и лежит к северо-западу от континентальной Европы. От континента его отделяют пролив Ла-Манш и Па-де-Кале на юге и Северное море на востоке. В повседневной жизни термин «Великобритания» часто применяется ко всему Соединенному Королевству в целом.
Британские острова состоят из двух основных островов (Великобритании и Ирландии) и большой группы малых островов. Великобританию отделяет от Ирландии Ирландское море. Исторически территория Великобритании разделена на три части: Англию, Шотландию и Уэльс. Она не включает в себя Северную Ирландию. Население Великобритании превышает 60 миллионов человек. Общая территория составляет 209 000 кв.км.
Британский ландшафт очень разнообразен. Географически остров Великобритании сложился из трех основных местностей: низменности, средней полосы и высокогорья Британии. Средняя полоса занимает центральные графства Англии. Это местность с долинами и низкими холмами. Низменность Британии покрывает территорию восточной и южной Англии. Высокогорная Британия состоит из Шотландии, большей части Уэльса, Пеннинских гор и Озерного края в Англии. Шотландия и Уэльс являются наиболее гористыми частями Великобритании. Бен Невис в Шотландии – это самая высокая точка (1343 метра). Вдоль западного побережья пролегает горная цепь Камберленд. Горы Чевиот-Хилс отмечают границу между Англией и Шотландией.
Реки Великобритании довольно коротки, и большая их часть течет в восточном направлении. Реки (Темза, Северн, Твид, Трент, Тайн) никогда не замерзают зимой и допускают круглогодичную навигацию.
Тема «Великобритания» (Great Britain)
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the UK) occupies the British Isles and consists of 4 parts: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. The country has the population of 60 million people within the land area of 244 thousand square kilometers. The isles are washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the north and in the west and by the English Channel in the south. The UK is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea. Great Britain is separated from Northern Ireland by the Irish Sea and the North Channel.
There are many beautiful lakes and mountains in Scotland and England. The highest point in the Highlands is Ben Nevis (1 340 metres). The longest river flows in England, it is the Severn. The main attraction in the north of England is the Lake District. Thanks to the warm waters of Gulf Stream the island is very green and the British climate is mild. Local summers are rather hot and winters are not cold. As the weather is very changeable in Britain, it is the favourite topic for discussion with the British.
The capital of Great Britain is London. It stands on the Thames river. The country is a constitutional monarchy and officially the Queen is the Head of state. But it is ruled by the Prime Minister and the government. The legislative body is the Parliament which consists of the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
The UK is a highly developed industrial state. The chief industries are shipbuilding, fishing and mining, production of aircraft equipment, electronics, textile and chemicals. The country is the world’s largest exporter of iron and steel goods. The most important industrial cities of Great Britain are London, Birmingham, Manchester, Glasgow, Liverpool, Leeds, Edinburgh.
A lot of famous people were born and lived in Great Britain. Among them are Shakespeare, Newton, Churchill, Paul McCartney, Joanne Rowling, Sting, David Beckham and many others.
Перевод
Соединенное Королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии (СК) занимает Британские острова и состоит из 4 частей: Англии, Уэльса, Шотландии и Северной Ирландии. Страна имеет население в 60 млн. человек на территории 244 тыс. кв. км. Острова омываются Атлантическим океаном с севера и запада и проливом Ла-Манш с юга. СК и континентальную Европу разделяет Северное море. Великобританию и Северную Ирландию разделяют Ирландское море и Северный пролив.
В Шотландии и Англии находится много красивых озер и гор. Самой высокой точкой в горной местности является Бен Невис (1340 м). Самая длинная река протекает в Англии, это Северн. Главной достопримечательностью севера Англии является Озерный край. Благодаря теплым водам Гольфстрима, остров очень зеленый, а британский климат мягкий. Лето здесь довольно жаркое, а зима нехолодная. Поскольку погода в Британии очень изменчива, это любимая тема для обсуждения среди британцев.
Столица Великобритании – Лондон. Он находится на реке Темза. Страна является конституционной монархией, и официально королева считается главой государства. Однако им управляют премьер-министр и правительство. Законодательным органом является парламент, состоящий из палаты Лордов и палаты Общин.
СК – высокоразвитая промышленная страна. Основными отраслями промышленности являются судостроение, рыбная и горнодобывающая промышленности, производство авиационной техники, электроники, текстиля и химикатов. Страна стала крупнейшим мировым экспортером товаров из железа и стали. Наиболее важные промышленные города Великобритании – это Лондон, Бирмингэм, Манчестер, Глазго, Ливерпуль, Лидз, Эдинбург.
Много знаменитых людей родилось и проживало в Великобритании. Среди них Шекспир, Ньютон, Черчилль, Пол Маккартни, Джоан Роулинг, Стинг, Дэвид Бэкхэм и многие другие.
Британские острова
The British Isles haven’t always been a separate part of Europe. Long time ago Britain was a part of the European continent. Then about ten thousand years ago during the end of the last Ice Age, when the climate grew warmer, new rivers and sees were formed Europe slowly moved into its present shape.
The ancient people of Britain were simple hunters and ate flesh of animals fruits, nuts, honey. They fished, and gathered oysters. They didn’t have a permanent place of living and traveled from place to place, sheltering in caves. Then the British men have become the farmers.
The Stone Age farmer had the patches in the forests that covered most of Britain. He kept half-wild cattle and pigs in a forest and in Northern Scotland, free from forests, he kept sheep. By the end of the Stone Age (2000 BC) metal was already being used. It was time of the Invasion of Beaker people. They came from the Northern Europe. They used bronze and it was them, who started the building of Stone monuments at Stonehenge.
The first chronicle of Britain was written by an educated merchant from Morsel. He also wrote the first description of the people, called Celts. He said they were a gentlefolk, skilled craftsman, who welcomed visitors. The most educated visitor of Britain described the British as a fierce race. His name was Julius Caesar. Present English dates back to 5th-6th centuries, when Germanic tribes of Jutes, Saxons & Angles overran all England except Cornwall & Cumberland. Some religious terms were borrowed from Latin in connection with converting England to Christianity by St. Augustin.
In 19th century the growth of British colonial power led to the spread of English as world language. But still it was only the 1930 when the British Foreign Office stopped using French for all its official memoranda. So It was the long way of coming-to-be the language of international communication from old Anglo-Saxon dialects to the «world language» in 20th century.
Great Britain
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and above five thousand small islands. Their total area is over 315 000 square kilometers. The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast respectively.
There are a lot of rivers in GB, but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river, while the Thames is the deepest and the most important one.
The UK is one of the world’s smallest countries. The population of the country is over 87 million and about 80% of it is urban. The UK is highly developed industrial country. It’s known as one of world’s largest producers and exporters of machinery, electronics, textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. The UK is constitutional monarchy. In law, the Head of State is the Queen, but in practice, the Queen reigns, but does not rule. The country is ruled by the elected government with the Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal parties. The Liberal party is the ruling party nowadays.
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The United Kingdom, the British Isles and England
The United Kingdom (or Great Britain) is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and about five thousand small islands. Their total area is over 244.000 square kilometres.
The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland (on the island of Great Britain), and Northern Ireland (on the island of Ireland). Their capitals are London, Cardiff, Edinburgh, and Belfast respectively. The capital of the UK is London.
The British Isles are separated from the European continent by the North Sea and the English Channel. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea.
There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain, hut they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river, while the Thames is the deepest one.
The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean, and the warm waters of Gulf Stream influence on the climate of the British Isles. It is mild the whole year round.
The UK is one of the world’s smallest countries. Its population is over 68 million. About 80 % of the population is urban.
The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of machinery, electronics, textile, aircraft, and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding.
The UK is a constitutional monarchy. In law, Head of the State is Queen. In practice, Queen reigns, but does not rule. The country is ruled by the elected government with the Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour, the Conservative, and the Liberal parties.
Соединенное Королевство Великобритании, Британские острова и Англия
Соединенное Королевство (или Великобритания) расположено на Британских островах. Британские острова состоят из двух больших островов, Великобритании и Ирландии, и около пяти тысяч маленьких островов. Их общая площадь составляет свыше 244 000 квадратных километров.
Британские острова отделяются от Европейского континента Северным морем и проливом Ла-Манш. Западное побережье Великобритании омывается Атлантическим океаном и Ирландским морем.
На климат Британских островов влияют горы, Атлантический океан и теплые воды Гольфстрима. Климат умеренный круглый год.
Соединенное Королевство это конституционная монархия. Согласно закону, главой государства является королева. В действительности королева царствует, но не правит. Страной управляет выборное правительство во главе с премьер-министром. Британский парламент состоит из двух палат: Палаты лордов и Палаты общин.
В Великобритании три основные политические партии: Лейбористская, Консервативная и Либеральная.
Вопросы:
1. What countries is the UK made up of? What are their capitals?
2. The UK is an island state, isn’t it? Where is it situated?
3. The surface of the British Isles varies very much, doesn’t it?
4 What channel separates the British Isles from the European continent?
5. What’s the highest mountain in Scotland?
6. How is the north of Scotland called? How is the south of Scotland called?
7. Why is the climate of the British Isles mild?
8. Are there a lot of long and deep rivers in Great Britain?
9. What’s the UK’s population?
10. Is the UK a large country?
11. The UK is a constitutional monarchy. What does it mean?
12. The UK is a highly developed industrial country. What does it produce and export?
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